内容

• 特性
• 信号
• 详细描述
• Loader sizing behavior
• Receiving signals from loaded items
• Focus and key events

Loader QML Element

The Loader item allows dynamically loading an Item-based subtree from a URL or Component. 更多...

• 所有成员列表，包括继承成员

特性

• item : Item
• progress : real
• source : url
• sourceComponent : Component
• status : enumeration

信号

• onLoaded ()

详细描述

Loader is used to dynamically load visual QML components. It can load a QML file (using the source property) or a Component object (using the sourceComponent property). It is useful for delaying the creation of a component until it is required: for example, when a component should be created on demand, or when a component should not be created unnecessarily for performance reasons.

Here is a Loader that loads "Page1.qml" as a component when the MouseArea is clicked:

import QtQuick 1.0
Item {
    width: 200; height: 200
    Loader { id: pageLoader }
    MouseArea {
        anchors.fill: parent
        onClicked: pageLoader.source = "Page1.qml"
    }
}
					

The loaded item can be accessed using the item 特性。

若 source or sourceComponent changes, any previously instantiated items are destroyed. Setting source to an empty string or setting sourceComponent to undefined destroys the currently loaded item, freeing resources and leaving the Loader empty.

Loader sizing behavior

Loader is like any other visual item and must be positioned and sized accordingly to become visible.

• If an explicit size is not specified for the Loader, the Loader is automatically resized to the size of the loaded item once the component is loaded.
• If the size of the Loader is specified explicitly by setting the width, height or by anchoring, the loaded item will be resized to the size of the Loader.

In both scenarios the size of the item and the Loader are identical. This ensures that anchoring to the Loader is equivalent to anchoring to the loaded item.

import QtQuick 1.0
Item {
    width: 200; height: 200
    Loader {
        // Explicitly set the size of the Loader to the parent item's size
        anchors.fill: parent
        sourceComponent: rect
    }
    Component {
        id: rect
        Rectangle {
            width: 50
            height: 50
            color: "red"
        }
    }
}
								

import QtQuick 1.0
Item {
    width: 200; height: 200
    Loader {
        // position the Loader in the center of the parent
        anchors.centerIn: parent
        sourceComponent: rect
    }
    Component {
        id: rect
        Rectangle {
            width: 50
            height: 50
            color: "red"
        }
    }
}
								

Receiving signals from loaded items

Any signals emitted from the loaded item can be received using the Connections element. For example, the following application.qml loads MyItem.qml , and is able to receive the message signal from the loaded item through a Connections 对象：

import QtQuick 1.0
Item {
    width: 100; height: 100
    Loader {
       id: myLoader
       source: "MyItem.qml"
    }
    Connections {
        target: myLoader.item
        onMessage: console.log(msg)
    }
}
								

import QtQuick 1.0
Rectangle {
   id: myItem
   signal message(string msg)
   width: 100; height: 100
   MouseArea {
       anchors.fill: parent
       onClicked: myItem.message("clicked!")
   }
}
								

Alternatively, since MyItem.qml is loaded within the scope of the Loader, it could also directly call any function defined in the Loader or its parent Item .

Focus and key events

Loader is a focus scope. Its focus property must be set to true for any of its children to get the active focus 。(见 the focus documentation page for more details.) Any key events received in the loaded item should likely also be accepted so they are not propagated to the Loader.

例如，以下 application.qml loads KeyReader.qml when the MouseArea is clicked. Notice the focus property is set to true for the Loader as well as the Item in the dynamically loaded object:

import QtQuick 1.0
Rectangle {
    width: 200; height: 200
    Loader {
        id: loader
        focus: true
    }
    MouseArea {
        anchors.fill: parent
        onClicked: loader.source = "KeyReader.qml"
    }
    Keys.onPressed: {
        console.log("Captured:", event.text);
    }
}
								

import QtQuick 1.0
Item {
    Item {
        focus: true
        Keys.onPressed: {
            console.log("Loaded item captured:", event.text);
            event.accepted = true;
        }
    }
}
								

一旦 KeyReader.qml is loaded, it accepts key events and sets event.accepted to true so that the event is not propagated to the parent Rectangle .

另请参阅 动态对象创建 .

特性文档编制

This property holds the top-level item that is currently loaded.

This property holds the progress of loading QML data from the network, from 0.0 (nothing loaded) to 1.0 (finished). Most QML files are quite small, so this value will rapidly change from 0 to 1.

另请参阅 status .

This property holds the URL of the QML component to instantiate.

Note the QML component must be an Item -based component. The loader cannot load non-visual components.

To unload the currently loaded item, set this property to an empty string, or set sourceComponent to undefined . Setting source to a new URL will also cause the item created by the previous URL to be unloaded.

另请参阅 sourceComponent , status ，和 progress .

此特性保持 Component to instantiate.

Item {
    Component {
        id: redSquare
        Rectangle { color: "red"; width: 10; height: 10 }
    }
    Loader { sourceComponent: redSquare }
    Loader { sourceComponent: redSquare; x: 10 }
}
									

To unload the currently loaded item, set this property to an empty string or undefined .

另请参阅 source and progress .

This property holds the status of QML loading. It can be one of:

• Loader.Null - no QML source has been set
• Loader.Ready - the QML source has been loaded
• Loader.Loading - the QML source is currently being loaded
• Loader.Error - an error occurred while loading the QML source

Use this status to provide an update or respond to the status change in some way. For example, you could:

• Trigger a state change:

  State { name: 'loaded'; when: loader.status == Loader.Ready }
  												

• Implement an onStatusChanged signal handler:

  Loader {
  
  id
  
  :
  
  loader
  
  
  onStatusChanged
  
  :
  
  if
  
   (
  
  loader
  
  .
  
  status
  
  
  ==
  
  
  Loader
  
  .
  
  Ready
  
  )
  
  console
  
  .
  
  log
  
  (
  
  'Loaded'
  
  )
  }
  												

• Bind to the status value:

  Text { text: loader.status == Loader.Ready ? 'Loaded' : 'Not loaded' }
  												

Note that if the source is a local file, the status will initially be Ready (or Error). While there will be no onStatusChanged signal in that case, the onLoaded will still be invoked.

另请参阅 progress .

信号文档编制

This handler is called when the status becomes Loader.Ready , or on successful initial load.